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Scientists Alan M．Goldberg and Thomas Hartung describe recent advances in replacing the use of animals in toxicology(毒物學)testing．Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies，for example，allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone．Computer models are becoming increasingly complex and many could one day become more accurate than trials in living animals．
Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants （好戰分子）．At a hearing，a Senate．committee listened to testimony（證詞） against Huntingdon employees and financial institutions providing services to the company．One experimentation witness at the hearing insisted that any means necessary were justified（辯護） to spare animals’ lives；he has previously accepted the idea of murder to that end．
Use of animals in testing and in biomedical research continues to be necessary in many instances and is ethically（倫理道德地）preferable to experimenting on humans or giving up cures that could save human lives．But for the sake of people and animals alike，the development and acceptance of animal substitutes deserve enthusiastic support．
In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies（監督機構）have yet to catch up．In both the European Union and the U．S．，scientists and companies wanting to use the new alternative tests complain that regulatory standards for proving a drug or chemical to be safe for humans force the continued use of animals．Thus，animal-loving Americans might turn to persuading the EPA and the FDA to speed validation（確認）of new methods so that they can be more widely employed．And animal advocates（保護者） who want to influence business could consider investing in the small biotech’s and large pharmaceutical（藥品的） companies that are working to develop alternatives to animals in research．
小題1:_____ plays a leading role in replacing the use of animals in testing．

A．Huntingdon Life Sciences	B．Improvement in technologies
C．Animal-fights militants	D．Scientists Alan and Thomas

小題2:Accordingly, the animal-rights militants hold the view that_____．

A．animals shouldn’t be used in toxicology testing

B．animals should enjoy equal rights with human beings

C．animals should live wildly and freely

D．we should protect animals from being killed casually

小題3:From the passage，we can find _____．

A．the use of animals in testing has been stopped abruptly

B．animal substitutes are not preferable

C．supervising standards contribute to the continued use of animals in testing

D．only Huntingdon Life Sciences is accused

小題4:What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Saving animals and people．

B．The new trend in toxicology testing

C．The use of animals in testing is against human nature

D．New technology changes the fate of animals

小題5:The writer’s attitude towards replacing the use of animals in toxicology is____．

A．arbitrary（武斷的，隨意的）	B．pessimistic
C．indifferent（不關心的）	D．optimistic

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:B
小題5:D

試題分析：數百年來，人類已在使用動物進行病毒學研究。近年，隨著動物保護組織的反對和電腦模擬實驗的成功，這人們在討論這種以活體動物為實驗對象的手段還能繼續下去嗎？
小題1:細節題;從第一段的句子：Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies，for example，allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone．毫無疑問，用動物進行病毒學研究，對人類健康保障起了重要作用。要在實驗中不用或少用動物，有賴于現代技術的改進和發展。選B
小題2:細節題：從第二段的句子：Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants 可知好戰的動物保護分子的極端意見，認為人類要停止以動物為研究對象的所有實驗。選A
小題3:細節題：根據最后一段的句子：In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies（監督機構）have yet to catch up．可知動物實驗在現有條件下還要存在，但必須有一個監督標準（supervising standard），以便對動物保護要求有個交代。選C
小題4:主旨題：文中提到毒物學研究有新發展，可以用電腦模擬實驗過程，但這些都還不完善，只是一種科學技術的發展傾向。選B
小題5:作者態度題：在語境中考查形容詞的用法。arbitrary意為“任意的”，pessimistic意為“悲觀的”， indifferent意為“不以為然的”， optimistic意為“樂觀的”，按作者的意見，在新技術的條件下，完全有可能用其它手段代替活體動物實驗，是樂觀的態度，故選D。

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