In the early 1950s, researchers found that people scored lower on intelligence tests if they spoke more than one language. Research in the sixties found the opposite. Bilingual people scored higher than monolinguals, people who speak only one language. So which is it?
Researchers presented their newest studies last month at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The latest evidence shows that being bilingual does not necessarily make people smarter. But researcher Ellen Bialystok says it probably does make you better at certain skills.
Ellen Bialystok said, “Imagine driving down the highway. There’re many things that could capture your attention and you really need to be able to monitor all of them. Why would bilingualism make you any better at that?”
And the answer, she says, is that bilingual people are often better at controlling their attention — a function called the executive control system.
Ms. Bialystok is a psychology professor at York University in Toronto, Canada. She says the best method to measure the executive control system is called the Stroop Test. A person is shown words in different colors. The person has to ignore the word but say the color. The problem is that the words are all names of colors.
Ellen Bialystok said, “So you would have the word blue written in red, but you have to say red. But blue is so salient(顯著的), it’s just lighting up all these circuits(電路) in your brain, and you really want to say blue. So you need a mechanism(機制) to override that so that you can say red. That’s the executive control system.”
Her work shows that bilingual people continually practice this function. They have to, because both languages are active in their brain at the same time. They need to suppress(抑制) one to be able to speak in the other.
This mental exercise might help in other ways, too. Researchers say bilingual children are better able to separate a word from its meaning, and more likely to have friends from different cultures. Bilingual adults are often four to five years later than others in developing dementia or Alzheimer’s disease.
【小題1】What’s the best title of the text?
| A．Bilingual People, Smarter |
| B．Monolingual People, Smarter |
| C．Bilingual People, Longer Lives |
| D．Bilingual People, Better at Some Skills |
| A．pay attention to | B．take no notice of |
| C．take an interest in | D．take care of |
| A．white | B．yellow | C．blue | D．red |
| A．People who can speak only Chinese. |
| B．People who can speak only Japanese. |
| C．People who can speak more than one language. |
| D．People who can speak only English. |
| A．A bilingual child is better at separating a word from its meaning. |
| B．A bilingual child can more easily make friends with a foreign child. |
| C．Bilingual people are more able to monitor several things at the same time. |
| D．It’s not possible for bilingual people to develop Alzheimer’s disease. |
奪冠金卷全能練考系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年海南省瓊海市嘉積中學高二下期第一次月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
D
Parties, iPods, concerts, movies, TV shows, video games, traffic. All of these things of the modern world make life entertaining and enjoyable. But our 21st-century lifestyle is also loud and, if we don’t take notice, it can have an effect on our hearing.
Most teenagers don’t think about hearing loss. But if you experience any of the following symptoms（癥狀）, you may already be hearing damaged: you make efforts to hear normal talk, you have to turn up the TV or radio so high that others complain, you watch other people’s expressions to understand what they are saying, you ask people to repeat themselves, you misunderstand what people are saying or you hear ringing in your ears.
iPods and other MP3 players are as common as the clothes you wear, and just as fashionable. But if you turn up an iPod to more than 60 percent of its maximum volume（最大音量）, and listen to music for more than an hour, you are asking for trouble. And, it does not matter if the music you play is classical, rock or heavy metal.
Some researchers find that young people who break the so-called 60-percent/60-minute rule in listening to iPods are at the risk of suffering hearing loss.
Why is an iPod dangerous? With ear buds placed directly in the ear canal and high-volume music played over a long period of time, it’s like working in a loud factory all day, being a maintenance（修理）person under a jet airplane or using a jackhammer（手提鉆）on a building site.
Similarly, iPod music can cause a short time or permanent（永久的）hearing damage. A loud iPod can cause a ruptured（破裂的）eardrum and, over time, may cause permanent damage to the tiny hairs in the inner ear. If these tiny hairs are damaged, they cannot effectively send sounds to the auditory nerves（聽覺神經）that connect to the brain. If this happens, hearing loss becomes permanent.
【小題1】Which of the following shows that you are suffering hearing loss?
| A．You are interested to listen to others’ talking. |
| B．You have to read others’ expressions to understand them. |
| C．You can only understand others over the phone. |
| D．You always think you hear the ringing of the phone. |
| A．Listen at least an hour every time. |
| B．Turn up the volume to the highest level. |
| C．keep the sound lower than 60% of its highest volume. |
| D．Choose classical, rock or heavy metal music. |
| A．d-a-c-b-e | B．e-c-a-b-d | C．b-c-a-d-e | D．d-e-a-c-b |
| A．music that teenagers like | B．hearing problems caused by the loud world |
| C．ways that teenagers enjoy music | D．dangerous modern lifestyles of teenagers. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學年福建永春一中培元中學季延中學石獅聯中高三上第二次聯考英語卷（解析版） 題型：完型填空
What is it that you love to do but never feel that you get it quite right? Perhaps you don't even try any more because you think what you do is not ? ? ? enough．
Discouragement seems to follow us a good part of the time, ? ? ? however hard we work, it seems that there is ? ? ? someone else who can do it much better．
I have always enjoyed music and it is? ? ? ? to me that every musician has a ? ? ? of their own．My father _ ? ? several instruments and when he played with other people, it was not difficult to ? ? ? his sound in a group．Whether it was guitar or another instrument, he had his own ? ? ? sound．
I ? ? ? heard of a music teacher who commented to a discouraged student, " ? ? ? else can make the sound that you make．" The sound that you make may not be the same as someone else's, but who is to say which is ? ? ．It is said that, " ? ? ? is in the eye of the beholder .” . Perhaps it could be said that a delightful sound is in the ear of the ? ? ? ．
Every person has a different tone of voice that ? ? ? only to them, ? ? ? we all know people with an unforgettable laugh or a way of ? ? ? that is unique to them．It might not be the sound of your music or your voice at all．It ? ? ? be the way you whistle or the sound of your footsteps．
Each person has a（an） ? ? ? on the world in some way．Someone else can do what you do, but they cannot do it ? ? ? in the same way that you do it．The next time you feel ? ? ? , remember nobody else can make the sound that you make．
1.A．easy ????????????? B．good ????????????? C．simple ????????????? D．hard
2.A．because ????????????? B．although ????????????? C．when ????????????? D．if
3.A．seldom ????????????? B．always ????????????? C．never ????????????? D．sometimes
4.A．satisfying ????????????? B．convincing ????????????? C．inspiring ????????????? D．interesting
5.A．gift ????????????? B．sound ????????????? C．life ????????????? D．song
6.A．played ????????????? B．designed ????????????? C．created ????????????? D．checked
7.A．turn down ????????????? B．call up ????????????? C．pick out ????????????? D．give off
8.A．loud ????????????? B．powerful ????????????? C．perfect ????????????? D．special
9.A．once ????????????? B．yet ????????????? C．even ????????????? D．still
10.A．Anybody ????????????? B．Somebody ????????????? C．Nobody ????????????? D．Everybody
11.A．bigger ????????????? B．better ????????????? C．deeper ????????????? D．lower
12.A．Beauty ????????????? B．Interest ????????????? C．Patience ????????????? D．Honesty
13.A．speaker ????????????? B．receiver ????????????? C．listener ????????????? D．looker
14.A．devotes ????????????? B．adds ????????????? C．adapts ????????????? D．belongs
15.A．but ????????????? B．yet ????????????? C．and? ????????????? D．for
16.A．running ????????????? B．walking ????????????? C．jumping ????????????? D．speaking
17.A．must ????????????? B．might ????????????? C．would ????????????? D．should
18.A．choice ????????????? B．opinion ????????????? C．duty ????????????? D．effect
19.A．exactly ????????????? B．carefully ????????????? C．cautiously ????????????? D．seriously
20.A．annoyed ????????????? B．puzzled????????????? C．discouraged????????????? D．bothered
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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆江西南昌三中高三8月第一次月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：其他題
[1]Some people's ears produce wax like busy little bees. This can be a problem even though earwax appears to serve an important purpose. Experts say it protects and cleans the ear. It traps dirt and other matter and keeps insects out. Doctors think it might also help protect against infections. And the waxy oil keeps ears from getting too dry.
[2]So earwax is good. It even has a medical name: cerumen. And there are two kinds. Most people of European or African ancestry have the "wet" kind: thick and sticky. East Asians commonly have ___________.But you can have too much of a good thing.
[3]The glands(腺體) in the ear canal that produce the wax make too much in some people. Earwax normally falls out of the ear or gets washed away. But extra wax can harden and form a blockage that interferes with sound waves and reduces hearing. People can also cause a blockage when they try to clean out their ears，but only push the wax deeper inside. Earwax removal is sometimes necessary. But you have to use a safe method or you could do a lot of damage.
[4]Experts at N.I.H., the National Institutes of Health, suggest some ways to treat excessive earwax yourself. One way to remove wax is known as irrigation. With the head upright, take hold of the outer part of the ear. Gently pull upward to straighten the ear canal. Use an injector device to gently direct water against the wall of the ear canal. Then turn the head to the side to let the water out.
[5]The experts at N.I.H. say you may have to repeat this process a few times. Use water that is body temperature. If the water is cooler or warmer, it could make you feel dizzy. Never try irrigation if the eardrum is broken. It could lead to infection and other problems.
[6]After the earwax is gone, gently dry the ear. But if irrigation fails, the best thing to do is to go to a
health care provider for professional assistance.
1.What’s the purpose of the passage? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________.
2.What’s the bad effect of too much earwax on our hearing? (No more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________________________.
3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. （No more than 3 words）
____________________________________________________________________.
4.What does the underlined word “this process” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) probably refer to?
(No more than 2 words）
____________________________________________________________________.
5.Will you use freezing water when trying to remove earwax? Why or why not?
(No more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年江蘇鹽城中學高三第一次模擬考試英語卷（解析版） 題型：完型填空
What is it that you love to do but never feel that you get it quite right? Perhaps you don't even try any more because you think what you do is not 36 enough.
Discouragement seems to follow us a good part of the time, 37 whatever it is that we work so hard doing, it seems that there is 38 someone else who can do it much better.
I have always enjoyed music and it is 39 to me that every musician has a 40 of their own. My father__41 several instruments and when he played with others, it was not difficult to ___42 his sound in a group. Whether it was guitar or another instrument, he had his own 43 sound.
I 44 read of a music teacher who commented to a discouraged student, “ 45 else can make the sound that you make. The sound that you make may not be the same as someone else's but who is to say which is 46 . ” It is said that, “ 47 is in the eye of the beholder（觀看者）, ” perhaps it could be said that “a delightful sound is in the ear of the 48 . ”
Every person has a different tone of voice that 49 only to them, 50 we all know people with an unforgettable laugh or a way of 51 that is unique to them. It might not be the sound of your music or your voice at all. It 52 be the way you whistle or the sound of your footsteps.
Each person has a（an） 53 on the world in some way. Someone else can do what you do, but they cannot do it 54 the same way that you do it. The next time you feel 55 , remember “Nobody else can make the sound that you make. ”
1.A. easy B. hard C. simple D. good
2.A. when B. although C. because D. if
3.A. seldom B. sometimes C. never D. always
4.A. satisfying B. interesting C. inspiring D. convincing
5.A. gift B. song C. life D. sound
6.A. created B. designed C. played D. checked
7.A. pick out B. call up C. turn down D. give off
8.A. special B. powerful C. perfect D. loud
9.A. even B. yet C. once D. still
10.A. Nobody B. Somebody C. Anybody D. Everybody
11.A. bigger B. deeper C. better D. lower
12.A. interest B. beauty C. patience D. honesty
13.A. speaker B. receiver C. looker D. listener
14.A. belongs B. adds C. adapts D. devotes
15.A. but B. yet C. for D. and
16.A. speaking B. walking C. jumping D. running
17.A. must B. would C. might D. could
18.A. effect B. opinion C. duty D. choice
19.A. carefully B. exactly C. cautiously D. seriously
20.A. annoyed B. puzzled C. bothered D. discouraged
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年江西南昌10所重點中學高三第二次模擬突破沖刺（三）英語試卷（解析版） 題型：其他題
閱讀下面短文并回答問題，然后將答案寫到題后的橫線上（請注意題后的詞數要求）。
[1]Some people's ears produce wax like busy little bees. This can be a problem even though earwax appears to serve an important purpose. Experts say it protects and cleans the ear. It traps dirt and other matter and keeps insects out. Doctors think it might also help protect against infections. And the waxy oil keeps ears from getting too dry.
[2]So earwax is good. It even has a medical name: cerumen. And there are two kinds. Most people of European or African ancestry have the "wet" kind: thick and sticky. East Asians commonly have ___________.But you can have too much of a good thing.
[3]The glands(腺體) in the ear canal that produce the wax make too much in some people. Earwax normally falls out of the ear or gets washed away. But extra wax can harden and form a blockage that interferes with sound waves and reduces hearing. People can also cause a blockage when they try to clean out their ears，but only push the wax deeper inside. Earwax removal is sometimes necessary. But you have to use a safe method or you could do a lot of damage.
[4]Experts at N.I.H., the National Institutes of Health, suggest some ways to treat excessive earwax yourself. One way to remove wax is known as irrigation. With the head upright, take hold of the outer part of the ear. Gently pull upward to straighten the ear canal. Use an injector device to gently direct water against the wall of the ear canal. Then turn the head to the side to let the water out.
[5]The experts at N.I.H. say you may have to repeat this process a few times. Use water that is body temperature. If the water is cooler or warmer, it could make you feel dizzy. Never try irrigation if the eardrum is broken. It could lead to infection and other problems.
[6]After the earwax is gone, gently dry the ear. But if irrigation fails, the best thing to do is to go to a health care provider for professional assistance.
1.What’s the purpose of the passage? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________.
2.What’s the bad effect of too much earwax on our hearing? (No more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________________________.
3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. （No more than 3 words）
____________________________________________________________________.
4.What does the underlined word “this process” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) probably refer to?
(No more than 2 words）
____________________________________________________________________.
5.Will you use freezing water when trying to remove earwax? Why or why not?
(No more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________.
查看答案和解析>>
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