Question

The human body has hundreds of muscles. The three types are skeletal(骨骼的) muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac, or heart muscles. Each kind of muscle has a special job to do. 

The skeletal muscles are attached to the bones; they actually hold the skeleton together. Strong cords, called tendons(肌腱), help connect these muscles to the bones. Skeletal muscles give us strength and allow us to move in many ways. If you look at skeletal muscles through a microscope, you will see that it has bands of fibers that look like stripes(條紋). These stripes are called striations. Skeletal muscles usually move because the brain has sent a conscious message to them telling them what to do. This is called voluntary movement.

Another type of muscle is smooth muscle. Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle does not have striations. This is found in organs such as the stomach, the bladder(膀胱), the lungs and the eyes. Smooth muscles are smaller than the skeletal muscles and they move involuntarily. The brain tells these muscles what to do, but we aren’t even aware of it. For example, we don’t have to think about breathing or digesting food. The smooth muscles just do their jobs automatically. For this reason smooth muscles are sometimes called involuntary muscles.

Like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle also works involuntarily. It is a very thick muscle that is found only in the walls of the heart. Its job is to pump blood out of the heart and into blood vessels called arteries(動脈). The arteries help carry the blood to all parts of the body. When the cardiac muscles relax, they let blood back into the heart. Cardiac muscles have striations, just like skeletal muscles do.

1.When we _______, the job is done by smooth muscles.

A．close our eyes      B．kick a ball          C．hug our friends     D．lift a suitcase

2.Skeletal muscles and heart muscles are alike because_______.

A．both can move voluntarily

B．both are thick muscles

C．both are bigger than smooth muscles

D．both have stripes called striations

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Heart muscles are very important because they give us strength and allow us to move.

B．The heart of human beings completely consists of heart muscle.

C．The skeletal muscles are connected to the bones by tendons.

D．Smooth muscle does its work without receiving message from the brain.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.A

2.D

3.C

【解析】

試題分析：本文講述了人身上的三種肌肉：skeletal(骨骼的) muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac, or heart muscles.以及各種肌肉的特點和作用。

1.A 推理題。根據第三段前3行Another type of muscle is smooth muscle. Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle does not have striations. This is found in organs such as the stomach, the bladder(膀胱), the lungs and the eyes.說明smooth muscle可以在眼部被發現，故當我們閉眼睛的時候，我們要擁到smooth muscle。故A正確。

2.D 細節題。根據文章最后一句Cardiac muscles have striations, just like skeletal muscles do. 說明這兩種肌肉都有stripes故D正確。

3.C 細節題。根據第二段前3行The skeletal muscles are attached to the bones; they actually hold the skeleton together. Strong cords, called tendons(肌腱), help connect these muscles to the bones.說明The skeletal muscles是通過肌腱來和骨頭相連的，故C項正確。

考點：考查科普類短文閱讀

點評：本文講述了人身上的三種肌肉：skeletal(骨骼的) muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac, or heart muscles.屬于科普類短文，此類文章的最大的障礙是詞匯以及考生對閱讀內容的不熟悉，需要考生在閱讀的時候有足夠的耐心。要養成在上下文串聯中猜測詞義的能力，根據上下文中出現的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞，以及詞義的解釋來理解生詞。同時要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影響。要根據題目及選項以及文章的上下文串聯合理的判斷推理。